Advances-in-Sport-Rehabilitation

Sprain, Pain and Dysfunction

OA is a common condition that causes joints to become stiff and painful. Millions of people have this condition,18 so, if you have been diagnosed with it, you are not alone! OA causes the smooth cartilage that covers and protects the ends of your bones to break down. In severe cases, your cartilage thins so much that your bones may begin to rub against each other. The lubricating ability of the natural fluid in your knee diminishes, and the cartilage no longer cushions the joint as well as it once did. 18 This results in stiffness, swelling, and pain that can make walking difficult. Your family history, age, weight, and any knee injuries you may have had can all play a role in developing OA of the knee.

Ankle sprains: Epidemiology

• Most common musculoskeletal sports-related injury: ~ 27,000 reported ankle sprains in USA every day (Bloom 1988)

• Prevalence as high as 73% (epidemiological study of professional, competitive and recreational athletes) (Yeung 1994)

• 20 to 40% of all ankle sprain experience chronic symptoms

• Recent epidemiological data: 89.12% of acute trauma in a Sports clinic

Problem / Market

Down Time

Ankle sprains and other torn ligaments and soft-tissue injuries lead to significant down
time and lost work-hours.

Most Common Injuries

Ankle sprain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries with approximately 23,000 people each day seeking medical attention in the USA.

Emergency Room Visits

A survey of emergency room visits found an overall incidence rate of 2.15 per 1000 person-years in the United States.

Ankle sprains: Classification

ABOUT: Sprains

Grade 1

• Ligament is stretched
• Minimal pain and swelling
• Minimal functional impairment
• No weight bearing difficulties

ABOUT: Sprains

Grade 2

• Ligament is partially torn
• Some pain & swelling
• Some functional impairment
• Some weight bearing difficulties

ABOUT: Sprains

Grade 3

• Ligament is completely torn
• Severe pain & swelling
• Severe functional impairment
• Almost complete weight bearing difficulties

Sprained Ankle – Grading

A sprained ankle is categorized into different grades based on severity:

Grade 1 Sprain (Mild)

• Slight stretching and microscopic tearing of the ligament fibers
• Mild tenderness and swelling around the ankle

Grade 2 Sprain (Moderate)

• Partial tearing of the ligament
• Moderate tenderness and swelling around the ankle
• If the doctor moves the ankle in certain ways, there is an abnormal looseness of the ankle joint

Grade 3 Sprain (Severe)

• Complete tear of the ligament
• Significant tenderness and swelling around the ankle
• If the doctor pulls or pushes on the ankle joint in certain movements, substantial instability occurs